Big T trauma vs Little t Trauma

Contrary to popular belief, a traumatic event is not limited to distressful situations like rape and war. Even the fifth edition of the Diagnostics and Statistics of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) restricts its definition of a traumatic event to an implied or existential threat to life, grave injury, or sexual violence. The diagnosis is given to a victim, witness, or affected individuals who know the casualty. However, trauma can be subjective. Sometimes what is traumatic to one individual may not be traumatic to another.

A much broader definition of trauma is a response to any incident, circumstance, or a series of occurrences or situations that are physically, mentally, or emotionally unbearable. Traumatic events are overwhelming, aggravating, and impede a person’s intrinsic coping mechanisms. The events are called stressors - they can be physical, psychological, or emotional. They are also intense, leading to overstimulation of the stress response system. Thus, they override the brain’s ability to interpret, control, and respond to the stimulus.


How Trauma Occurs

Your body responds to stress by activating the stress response, also known as the fight or flight response or simply anxiety. The stress response is the body’s natural defense mechanism of confronting threats. The amygdala - the body’s stress processing unit - picks up sensations, both internally and externally, and processes them. When it perceives danger, it conveys the information to the hypothalamus. 

The hypothalamus activates the stress response by stimulating the adrenal glands to release adrenaline - the stress hormone. Adrenaline accelerates your heartbeat and blood flow, and breathing rate to boost oxygen intake and transportation to the brain and muscle. The hypothalamus also stimulates the release of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary,  which prompts cortisol secretion


Cortisol expedites hepatic glucose production. The glucose molecules are then transported to target organs for energy production. The cascading sequence of events transpires within a blink of an eye - enabling you to avoid oncoming traffic or remove your finger from a scorching surface.

However, in the case of trauma, the nervous system becomes jumbled up by stimuli. Furthermore, the confusion interferes with the brain regions responsible for the stress response. The miscommunication also causes an imbalance in the biomolecules, maintaining the stress response. Notably, cortisol levels significantly reduce as adrenaline levels skyrocket.


Types of Trauma 

Since a traumatic event is, at times, subject to an individual, a list of these horrendous incidents may not be exhaustive. Perhaps a better way of characterizing trauma is by classifying traumatic responses. From this rationale, trauma has two categories - big “T” Trauma 


Big T Trauma

Big T trauma results from events that are universally considered traumatic. The incidents are usually overt and extreme. They can be human-made or natural. Examples include a plane crash, war, tsunami, terrorist attack, or a grisly road accident. Big T traumas also encompass experiences such as abuse, sexual assault, physical violence, and the loss of a loved one. 


Exposure can be in the form of witnessing the ordeal - like watching a loved one fight through debilitating sickness. One can also be exposed to trauma as a victim. Another form of exposure is through association. For instance, learning about the murder of a loved one. 


Little t Trauma

On the other hand, little t traumas are personal - people react differently to the same situation. For instance, the death of a pet can be traumatizing to one person and not a big deal to another. Similarly, people handle the difficulties of a severed relationship differently. Some people bounce back from broken relationships almost immediately, while others may be scarred for life - to the point of shying away from future commitments. 

The reason why human beings are affected differently from similar circumstances depends on both nature and nurture. A person’s genetic makeup influences their resilience in heart-wrenching situations. Epigenetics, although controversial, is another plausible reason behind an individual’s ability to cultivate endurance or succumb to a traumatic event. There is a growing number of evidence showing epigenetic memories can be inherited. 

As for nurture, your upbringing influences habits that enable you to cope after exposure to a traumatic event. For instance, people from close-knit communities have support and accountability at their disposal, strengthening their will to heal. Nurture may also stifle healing, especially in cultures where mental illness is deemed taboo. 

Overcoming Trauma

Trauma left untreated is detrimental to your psychological and physical health. It can morph into post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), severe anxiety and depressive disorders, substance use abuse, and eating disorders. We can talk about how to cope in another blog. However, I think it is important to end with this…Seek the services of a professional if you are struggling they will be able to help you heal so you are no longer defined by your trauma.

7 Things To Do when the Holidays Hurt

 

Growing up I was never more aware that I was different until the holiday season came around. Think about when you are young and in school the only thing you want is to fit in. I never did especially during this time. While for most people this is the most wonderful time of the year for a whole lot of other people it is not. It is a reminder of what they do not have.


They could be missing, money, experiences, time, and more importantly people. Grief around the holidays soars. Even f it has been well managed the holidays are very triggering for people. Add in mental health issues, divorce, family dysfunction it may actually be the worst time of the year for some people. Some people are missing their routines. Being able to flow in the family the have created with the norms they have grown accustomed to. There is also ton of pressure that comes with the holidays that is not always talked about.


There is pressure to eat the food no matter your food preferences or if you are dieting. There is pressure to have a date, a baby, some new career announcement or whatever the next perceived step in this season of life is for you. Then  you are expected to be “on.” To smile even if you are not happy. To just get through because God forbid you ruin the holiday by speaking your truth, or saying you are not feeling cheerful. I am in no way saying show up with turkey and a grudge but it can be hard to consistently feel silenced during this time.


If you are one of the people who are not quite as happy this time of year for whatever reason here are some things you can do when the holidays hurt.

Practice Self-Care. Give yourself what you need. The best thing to do when you're not feeling ok is to be deliberate about taking care of yourself. Instead of bathing in a bath of sorrow and despair, uplift yourself with a soothing candle-lit, naturally fragranced warm bath and a nice drink. Turn on your favorite songs, read new books, find new recipes if you enjoy cooking and baking, learn new hobbies, and simply be present with yourself. Caring for yourself in the holiday season when you're not feeling ok is very critical. Within this time, you will garner strength and build a strong relationship with the self, which is essential for both seasons of feeling ok and not feeling ok.


Have an exit plan. Check in with yourself and when it is time to go, leave. Have a pre made excuse- dinner with other people, plans for holiday parties at work, a date, whatever you need. Although I prefer a more direct approach of it is just time for me to leave I understand not everyone is as comfortable saying that.

Take a support person. Sometimes even with family you grew up with as an adult you can feel like a stranger in the room. When at all possible take someone with you. If not have a friend on standby that you can text. It can be difficult because they may be with family as well bit knowing you have someone who is willing to give you a moment is helpful.

 

Make Alone Time Priority. When we are not feeling ok, we tend to push it under the rug and never evaluate the reason especially during the holiday. It is ok to go in a room alone or even show up late so that you can take the necessary time to for yourself. Feel your feelings and then allow them to pass. The feelings will not last forever and forcing yourself to feel a different way only makes them linger longer.


Practice gratitude. I know to can be easy to focus on what is wrong and what is missing but there things t be grateful for all around you. Look for them. Outline all the positive things in your life instead of only dwelling on the negative. Start writing a list of all the items in your life that you appreciate and love. Read this list during the moments you don't feel ok.

 

Dress up! Our appearance is often directly related to our internal emotional state. Don’t just sit and allow the emotions to flood you. I can’t remember who but someone said When you feel your worst look your best. I LIVE by this! It always acts as a mood booster to look good even f my insides do not match quite yet.


Gift yourself. Sometimes waiting for a gift might make you feel worse, especially if one doesn't come and if it's not quite as valuable as the one you have given. It's essential that the most thoughtful gifts you will receive come specially wrapped from you, this will ensure that you are always satisfied and happy with what you received.


It's quite acceptable not to feel ok during the festive holiday season. However, by being gentle with yourself, not dismissing your feelings, and spending time with people you can trust, you will be able to get through and maybe even have some fun.

 

6 Ways to Build Self Confidence

A common theme I have been seeing in my clients lately is a lack of confidence. It shows up in so many different ways. I think most often we link confidence to beauty money, and status but it can also show up in other areas. Lack of confidence can look like not setting boundaries, not taking care of your physical body, not keeping your word, and even not putting yourself out there for fear of rejection. I get it. The world is scary and you never know how people will respond. Still there has to be a moment where that does not matter because the thing you are going after matters more. I think self confidence kicks in here. It allows you t feel the fear but do the thing anyway.

What is self-confidence? It is defined as a feeling – a feeling of trust in one’s qualities, capabilities, and judgment. Confidence is also trusting that you are enough and the decisions you make for yourself are correct- and even of it goes left knowing you do not have to beat yourself up about it. It can bring more benefits than you think. 


Here are four I bet you have not considered:

You perform better. You don’t waste your time worrying about what you are not, instead you are more confident of what you are capable of and what you can become.

You gain healthier relationships. You understand what you bring to the relationship and how you want to be treated which impacts the way you form relationships with others

You are more open to new things. It becomes easier to say yes to more opportunities and possibilities.

You get back up when you fall. Understanding that you will not always get it right you become more resilient and thrive even in the midst of a challenging situation.


It is so much easier said than done especially considering everyone has a different set of life situations. The more I talk to people the more I understand it is not as easy as just do it. It does not always come easy  or naturally for everyone, so here are some practical ways you can start to boost your confidence.


1. Work out

I get it. Between jobs and facing other personal battles, it’s difficult to start working out let alone keep a routine. But exercising is not just about losing weight or building muscle, it’s also proven to improve mental health by reducing anxiety, depression, and other feelings of negativity. It’s also been found to alleviate feelings of low self-esteem as well. Working out requires commitment and just merely sticking to it is in itself an accomplishment. Doesn’t accomplishing something make you feel good?

 

2. Take responsibility for yourself.

You have to understand that you and only you can make things happen in your life - not anybody else. You have to make that decision about what you want to accomplish. If you always spend all your time waiting for things to happen for you, you are in for a huge disappointment. For instance, how would you know if you are not fit for a job if you never apply?


3. Choose to surround yourself with positive people.

Those you spend a lot of your time with may influence your thoughts and impact the way you see yourself in a big way. People can be overly judgmental to others, and sometimes even those close to us could trigger our anxiety and make us feel even worse. While it is important to have a strong support system, pay attention to how people in your life make you feel. Are they encouraging? Do they make you feel like you can do better and be better? How about your family? Analyze how they make you feel and choose to surround yourself with those who make you feel better, obviously while still holing you accountable.

4. Practice positive self-talk.

We are our own worst enemy and our own biggest critic. Being honest with yourself is good, but you also have to be kind. Negative self-talk may bring out the worst in you and may limit your abilities. If you constantly tell yourself that you are not good enough, you will eventually believe it and that’s not going to help you in any way. Reframe your thoughts and practice positive self-talk. Instead of saying “you can’t do anything right” try saying “I can do better next time.”

 

5. Take one step at a time.

You don’t have to do challenging things right away just to make yourself more confident. Sometimes it’s easy to take one small step like do something that makes you uncomfortable at least once in a while. Thinking about my earlier point to exercise- you do not have to wake up tomorrow and be a gladiator. Start small, try taking a walk and build from there.


6. Celebrate small things and small victories.

You are alive and healthy. You were able to accomplish a task you have been holding off on for a while. You went out and bought yourself a coffee even though you were feeling anxious. These things are enough for you to celebrate. One of the best ways to gain self-confidence is by appreciating the things you can do no matter how small it is. You don’t have to wait for that big moment to celebrate. Sometimes, you get focused on the big thing when it’s the small things that really count. Try to write down a couple of things you did well at the end of each day. You are probably doing better than you think.

 

It all starts with you. Consider what step you are willing to take today. A bonus thing I think may be worth mentioning is to get a mentor. There are times when you just can’t do it on your own and need some guidance. Find someone who can show you how, like a mentor or a coach (dare I say a therapist). Ask them for an action plan that you can both implement. Or maybe, just have a conversation with them which will help you pick up nuggets of wisdom. Confident people are ready to help because they know they have been down that road before – not knowing what to do and the effort that it took to achieve their goal.


How will you start to build your confidence?

 

5 Keys to Navigate the Dark Side of Boundaries

Boundaries are such a huge word right now and for good reason. The world has been literally on fire and the last thing we need is the people we have allowed in our lives to misuse us or make us feel bad. So what are boundaries? They are limits and rules we put in place for ourselves in relationships. Easy right? Not really. 

While we may know exactly how we want to be treated, and what makes us feel safe other people do not. It is up to us to let people know how we want to be treated and what being in relationship with us looks like. In other words, we have to set our own boundaries.

Setting our boundaries isn’t as easy as putting up a fence or a sign, although I really wish it was. It actually requires us to have uncomfortable conversations and oftentimes leads to stress. The thing is boundaries are necessary and I tell my clients mandatory. How can you be your best self with no rules or limits for others? Boundaries are actually freeing because now we are all on the same page.

As with most things, while boundaries are great there is a downside. The people you need to set boundaries with are often not accepting of the boundaries. They do not want to be told no. How the relationship is set up now is benefitting them. They want the relationship (while strained on your end) to continue as it has been. So as you embark on your journey to putting limits in place here are YYYY things to remember while you navigate the dark side of boundaries.

  1. You are responsible for yourself. Teach people how to treat you. What you allow and the dysfunction you find yourself in is a result of you allowing it- This does not include children, or situations of abuse when using your power will literally get you attacked or killed.

  2. Remember why you set the boundary. Often people will try to play on your emotions and get you to give in. The reason why you are saying no does not change. If it was not a problem you would not have considered the boundary.

  3. Consider how every yes you give someone else is a no for you. From a time perspective whenever you do anything for someone that is less time you have for you. Even if it is not that big of an inconvenience. So how many times do you want to say no to you?

  4. Be prepared and make peace relationships changing even if it does not look how you thought it would. In the same way, you are able to set a boundary others get to decide if they will adhere to it or not. This may change the relationship in a way you had not planned for. 

  5. Look at it as an opportunity for growth on both ends. You will practice your assertive communication skills, and they will learn to problem-solve or better plan.

  6. People will adapt. I know it may not seem like it but people will find a way to meet their own needs. 


Healthy boundaries cannot always be easy to set, but they are crucial. So keep in mind you do not have to be a savior and no is a complete sentence.

5 Ways to Practice Radical Acceptance

radical acceptance
 

I was in a session last week and my client said “I already know you are going to say, I need to practice radical acceptance.” Before I could respond I just had to smile.  I smiled because she was right. I love me some radical acceptance. While the basic premise of radical acceptance is “it is what it is” it has allowed me to increase the joy I have in my life and I can’t help but encourage my clients to try it.

So what is radical acceptance? Radical Acceptance is one of the tenets of Dialectal Behavioral Therapy (DBT) created by Psychologist Marsha Lineham. Radical acceptance is accepting the situation as it is for the facts, and removing the emotion. It is a conscious decision to accept things outside of your control without judgment. When done correctly this concept will help you not allow the pain of life to become suffering. Pain is temporary and suffering is longer lasting. The ultimate goal of radical acceptance is progression and growth rather than stagnation and clinging to the past. Heavy disclaimer radical acceptance should not be utilized is in the case of abusive relationships, or dangerous or life-threatening situations.

Recognizing that things are outside of our control can help alleviate a lot of anger, sadness, and other strong emotion. This does not mean you agree with what is happening. It simply means that you are no longer fighting against the reality of what is. Some people struggle to accept situations because they believe that accepting means agreeing with what happened or saying that everything is fine and no that is not true. Blaming yourself or others, or wishing things could be different, will keep you trapped in a bad situation. Some people are unwilling to accept the pain that comes with acceptance. But remember pain is temporary.

The facts of a situation rarely change so fighting against it does not serve you. I get it though it is so much easier said than done. Is here are 5 ways to help you practice radical acceptance.

  1. Acknowledge - Acceptance does not condone or agree with the situation, but rather acknowledges its existence. Instead of remaining in denial, once you recognize what's going on, you'll be better able to take action to change the situation. Acceptance frees you by allowing you to see more options.

  2. Examine and Look for an alternative – Look at everything that has occurred up to this point. The current scenario is unavoidable given the preceding chain of events. Some of these events were caused by your actions, while others were not. You had a role to play even if you weren't in command. Now how can you see the situation differently? Is there a silver lining? Is there a lesson to be learned from this occurrence?

  3. Stop Judging yourself - Negative self- and other-judgment is a significant drain on our ability to be focused and present. Stop criticizing and condemning yourself for the situation you have found yourself in and work to be and do better. The energy it takes to be negative could be used to change or improve the situation. Judgment really just results in more emotional turmoil.

  4. Consider - Life is still worth living even when there is pain. Pain is not always bad, sometimes it is needed for our growth. Pain causes a change that peace often does not.

  5. Change- Are you stuck or just stuck in the thought cycle? Change the situation that is causing you stress if you can. Remove yourself, leave the relationship or the job or whatever it is. After that you have to accept this is where you are at least for now. Consider what are you willing to do to no longer suffer.

Radical acceptance is not something that can be achieved in a single moment. It is a conscious and continued effort and a willingness to think differently. Accept that there are things you can't change and keep moving forward. Some people have fought this idea for a long time because they want control, even though it isn't always possible. Think about what is troubling you now… think real hard… what in that situation is in your control? Probably not much. That is fine accept what it is and then work on what will be next. You have the ability to do this it will just take some time and intention.